Multimeter
The first instrument anyone should own. Voltage, current, resistance and continuity.
See the waveform. The instrument that turns "it sounds odd" into a measurement.
| Bandwidth | 50-100 MHz is ample for station audio and supply work |
|---|---|
| Channels | Two, so input and output can be compared |
| Sample rate | At least five times the bandwidth |
| Vertical resolution | 8 bit typical, 12 bit on better instruments |
| Timebase | From nanoseconds to seconds per division |
| Probes | 10:1 passive probes for general work |
| Measurement | Automatic rise time, frequency, peak-to-peak, RMS |
An oscilloscope plots voltage against time. In an amateur station that makes it the right tool for looking at audio, envelope and low-frequency signals: the shape of a CW keying envelope, the presence of flat-topping on a speech signal, the ripple on a power supply, or the output of a keyer.
A modern digital scope with a bandwidth of 100 MHz is more than adequate for station audio work and supply diagnostics. It is not a spectrum analyser, and it cannot show you the frequency domain, but for anything that varies in time it is unmatched.
Never connect an oscilloscope ground clip to a point that is not at earth potential — doing so shorts that point to earth through the probe lead and can destroy the instrument or injure you. Use an isolation transformer or a differential probe when measuring mains-referenced circuits.